ʻO ka electron kekahi ʻano o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa me kekahi nuipa a me ka uku ʻino. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ʻelua ʻano neʻe; e neʻe kekahi ma ka ʻōpuni a puni ka nucleus, a ʻo kekahi e milo ma ke koʻi e hele ana ma kona kikowaena. Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons i nā manawa, nā au a me nā manawa magnetic i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka neʻe. I loko o ke kahua mākēneki mau i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ka manawa mākēneki o ka electron e like me ke koʻokoʻo magnetic liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka nila. No ka mea he 1/2 ka helu kuantum milo o ka electron, elua wale no kuhikuhi ana o ka electron ma ke kahua magnetic o waho: ua like kekahi me H, e pili ana me ka Level ikehu haahaa, o ka ikehu -1/2gβH; he antiparallel kekahi me H, pili i ka pae ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ʻo +1/2gβH ka ikehu, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ikehu ma waena o nā pae ʻelua he gβH. Inā ma ka ʻaoʻao e kū pono ana i ka H, ​​ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hawewe electromagnetic o ka alapine v e hālāwai me ke kūlana o hv=gβH, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa electrons e komo i ka ikehu hawewe electromagnetic a lele i ka pae ikehu kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo electronic paramagnetic resonance. .